Biography

Dr Bax graduated with a B.Sc. (Hons) in Biochemistry from Royal Holloway, University of London before joining the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of London as a Research Biochemist. She then joined the Royal Postgraduate Medical School, University of London as a Research Assistant and obtained her Ph.D. in Medicine, where she developed a two-sided human trophoblast model for studying the trans-trophoblast transport of amino acids.  After a postdoctoral position at St George's, University of London, she was appointed Senior Research Fellow in 2002 when she started as an independent researcher in the area of rare inherited metabolic diseases.

She was appointed as a Reader in Rare Diseases in 2013. Dr Bax also serves as a visiting professor in the School of Human Sciences at London Metropolitan University, London.

 Membership of Professional Societies and Committees

Dr Bax is a member of the Biochemical Society, the Society for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles, and is an elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology (Chartered Biologist).

Dr Bax is Chair of the Safety Management Committee and is a member of the Research Degrees Committee in her capacity as postgraduate coordinator for the Neurosciences and Cell Biology Research Institute. She also serves on the Virtual Panel for PhD examiner approval. She contributes to the non-academic, patient-based community in her role as a committee member of Purine Metabolic Patients Association, a registered charity that aims to advance education about purine and pyrimidine metabolic disorders to professionals and the public. She also advises Metabolic Support UK on the scientific content of information provided to patients.

Member of the National Institute for Health and Care Research Policy Research Programme (NIHR PRP) commissioning committee. Subject Matter Expert for reviewing applications submitted to PRP (35-01-14)- Research to support evidence building and the evaluation of the UK Rare Diseases Framework 2021- 2026. Department for Health and Social Care Policy paper: England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2023: main report

Dr Bax is a former Member of the Scientific and Medical Board for Erytech Pharma, France (2013-2018) and a member of the Rare Renal Disease Group, Uromodulin / Urate Nephropathies (2014-2018).

Professional Honours and Recent Invitations

Topic Editor: Biomarkers in Rare Diseases, International Journal of Molecular Sciences

IJMS | Special Issue : Biomarkers in Rare Diseases (mdpi.com)

IJMS | Special Issue : Biomarkers in Rare Diseases 2.0 (mdpi.com)

IJMS | Special Issue : Biomarkers in Rare Diseases 3.0 (mdpi.com)

Editorial board member:

• Journal of Translational Genetics and Genomics (jtggjournal.com) 
• Rare Disease and Orphan Drugs Journal (rdodjournal.com)

Interviews:

• Rare Disease and Orphan Drugs Journal September 2022.
• FirstWord reports. Rare Disease Biomarkers and Companion Diagnostics. Expert views and intelligence on the challenges facing pharma today. Published December 2021.
• Lily Foundation. Lily Research Focus: Enzyme Replacement Therapy. October 2019.
• Lily Foundation. Outsmarting a syndrome. October 2018.

Science Media Centre Comments:

• Expert reaction to study looking at the 100,000 Genomes Project pilot on rare disease November 2021.
• Expert reaction to study looking at ageing in cells from people with progeria July 2017.

Plenary lecture/invited speaker:

• Erythrocyte mediated therapy for rare diseases at the Second International conference on Systems Biology and Systems Physiology: Regulation of Biological Networks, 27th August 2021. Hybrid format at The Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. https://sbsp-conference.org/topics.html#program
• Speaker and Panellist at the Westminster Health Forum policy conference: Priorities for rare disease research, diagnosis, and care in the UK , 31st January 2022. https://www.westminsterforumprojects.co.uk/agenda/Rare-Diseases-22-agenda.pdf
• Recordati Rare Diseases Foundation course, Mitochondrial Medicine 30 years on: state of the art, Nice, April 2019.

Invited  participation:

• Forum Workshop. Academy of Medical Sciences and the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine.  Two-part FORUM workshop to identify innovations to overcome challenges to clinical trials for rare diseases, to explore the practicality and acceptability of those innovations to different stakeholders, and propose next steps.  March 2022.
• International Centre for Parliamentary Studies Rare Diseases Europe 2018 Roundtable, Brussels, October 2018.
• International Consensus Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of MNGIE, Bologna, 2019.

Dr Bax specialises in the field of rare diseases.

A rare disease is defined in the European Union as a disorder that affects fewer than five individuals in 10,000 of the population. Globally there are over 350 million individuals affected by one of the seven to eight thousand rare diseases but to date there are only around 400 licenced treatments available. A majority of patients with rare diseases experience diagnosis delays and have life-threatening disorders. For many diseases, there is a deficit of medical and scientific knowledge.

The research focus of Dr Bridget Bax and her team is two-fold: firstly to improve the understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of rare inherited diseases and secondly, to develop cell-based therapies for the treatment of diseases with unmet needs. Currently the team are studying the ultra-rare disease, mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE), an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder caused by mutations in the gene (TYMP) which encodes for thymidine phosphorylase, an enzyme involved in the pyrimidine salvage pathway.

The use of patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) technology, the team have developed neuronal cell lines and three dimensional organoid culture models of MNGIE for studying the molecular mechanisms involved in the neuronal aspects of the disease. Another area of research is the application of expression profiling and bioinformatics analyses in the identification and validation of miRNA biomarkers in patient body fluids for providing a means of understanding the molecular mechanisms of the disease and for monitoring responses to therapy https://www.thelilyfoundation.org.uk/news/outsmarting-syndrome/.

The team have developed the autologous erythrocyte as a vehicle for delivering enzyme replacement therapies and other therapeutic proteins. The encapsulation technology has the advantage of prolonging the circulatory half-life of proteins, minimizing immunogenic reactions and negating the need for expensive chemical modification.  Dr Bax conceptualized the introduction of erythrocyte-mediated enzyme replacement therapy into the clinical setting in 1995 through the treatment of an adult patient with adenosine deaminase deficiency. She managed a contract with the Hampshire Primary Care Trust on behalf of the South of England Specialised Commissioning group for 18 years for the treatment this patient.

Dr Bax subsequently applied this platform technology to the compassionate treatment of patients with MNGIE, in the form of erythrocyte encapsulated thymidine phosphorylase (EE-TP). Orphan Drug Designation was granted for EE-TP by the Food and Drug Administration (USA) and European Medicines Agency.  The clinical development of EE-TP is currently funded by the MRC, in partnership with Orphan Technologies, to whom the technology is exclusively licensed to. Approval for running a clinical trial of EE-TP in the UK was recently granted by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Efforts are in progress to extend trials to other European countries. Patents for the treatment of MNGIE are filed in the Europe and the USA: 

Treatment for mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE) Patent number: US10213492B2 (USA). Application number: 14 / 347, 635. Associated authors: Bain, Murray. Patent status: Active. Filed date: 03 September 2012. Awarded date: 26 February 2019. Publication date: 26 February 2019

Treatment for mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (mngie) Patent number: EP2760459B1 (Europe). Application number: 12756551.3. Associated authors: Bain, Murray. Patent status: Active. Filed date: 03 September 2012. Awarded date: 21 March 2018. Publication date: 21 March 2018

Jorfi S, Ansa-Addo EA, Mariniello K, Warde P, Bin Senian AA, Stratton D, Bax BE, Levene M, Lange S, Inal JM. (2023) A Coxsackievirus B1-mediated nonlytic Extracellular Vesicle-to-cell mechanism of virus transmission and its possible control through modulation of EV release. J Gen Virol. 104(9). doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001884.

Bax BE and Pacitti D (2023) Editorial: Biomarkers to evaluate rare diseases. Front. Mol. Med. 3:1237089. doi: 10.3389/fmmed.2023.1237089

Ozek G, Aksoylar S, Uçar SK, Canda E, Akcan M, Cartı O, Siviş ZO, Oymak Y, Yazıcı H, Bax B, Bulut FD, Yoldaş Çelik M, Erdem F, Çoker M, Kansoy S. (2023) Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with reduced toxicity conditioning regimen in mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer.  12:e30334. doi: 10.1002/pbc.30334. 

Kalkan Uçar, Sema; Yazıcı, Havva; Canda, Ebru; Er, Esra; Bulut, Fatma Derya; Eraslan, Cenk; Onay, Hüseyin; Bax, Bridget Elizabeth; Çoker, Mahmut. (2022).Clinical spectrum of early onset “Mediterranean” (homozygous p.P131L mutation) mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy. JIMD Reports. doi:10.1002/jmd2.12315

Bax, B. E. (2022). Biomarkers in Rare Diseases 2.0. Int J Mol Sci, 23(9). doi:10.3390/ijms23094582

Gautheron, Jérémie; Lima, Lara; Akinci, Baris; Zammouri, Jamila; Auclair, Martine; Ucar, Sema Kalkan; Ozen, Samim; Altay, Canan; Bax, Bridget E.; Nemazanyy, Ivan; Lenoir, Véronique; Prip-Buus, Carina; Acquaviva-Bourdain, Cécile; Lascols, Olivier; Fève, Bruno; Vigouroux, Corinne; Noel, Esther; Jéru, Isabelle. (2022). Loss of thymidine phosphorylase activity disrupts adipocyte differentiation and induces insulin-resistant lipoatrophic diabetes.. BMC Med, 20(1), 95. doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02296-2

Mencias, M., Levene, M., Blighe, K., Bax, B. E., & On Behalf Of The Project Group. (2021). Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers for Mitochondrial Neuro-Gastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy.. Int J Mol Sci, 22(7). doi:10.3390/ijms22073681

Hirano, M., Carelli, V., De Giorgio, R., Pironi, L., Accarino, A., Cenacchi, G., . . . Zeviani, M. (2021). Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE): Position paper on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment by the MNGIE International Network.. J Inherit Metab Dis, 44(2), 376-387. doi:10.1002/jimd.12300

Bax, B. E. (2021). Biomarkers in Rare Diseases.. Int J Mol Sci, 22(2). doi:10.3390/ijms22020673

Pappalardo, P., Benoist, J. -F., Bax, B. E., Carra-Dallière, C., Marelli, C., Levene, M., . . . Roubertie, A. (2020). Pregnancy in MNGIE: a clinical and metabolic honeymoon.. Ann Clin Transl Neurol, 7(12), 2484-2488. doi:10.1002/acn3.51202

Bax, B. E. (2020). Erythrocytes as Carriers of Therapeutic Enzymes.. Pharmaceutics, 12(5). doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12050435

Kipper, K., Hecht, M., Antunes, N. J., Fairbanks, L. D., Levene, M., Kalkan Uçar, S., . . . Bax, B. E. (2020). Quantification of Plasma and Urine Thymidine and 2'-Deoxyuridine by LC-MS/MS for the Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Erythrocyte Encapsulated Thymidine Phosphorylase in Patients with Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy.. J Clin Med, 9(3). doi:10.3390/jcm9030788

Bax, B. E. (2020). Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy: approaches to diagnosis and treatment.. J Transl Genet Genom, 4, 1-16. doi:10.20517/jtgg.2020.08

Bax, B. E., Levene, M., Bain, M. D., Fairbanks, L. D., Filosto, M., Kalkan Uçar, S., . . . Nirmalananthan, N. (2019). Erythrocyte Encapsulated Thymidine Phosphorylase for the Treatment of Patients with Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy: Study Protocol for a Multi-Centre, Multiple Dose, Open Label Trial.. J Clin Med, 8(8). doi:10.3390/jcm8081096

Pacitti, D., Privolizzi, R., & Bax, B. E. (2019). Organs to Cells and Cells to Organoids: The Evolution of in vitro Central Nervous System Modelling.. Front Cell Neurosci, 13, 129. doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00129  Featured in the Cellular Neurophysiology Editors' Pick 2021 collection:  https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/21434/cellular-neurophysiology-editors-pick-2021#articles.

Levene, M., Bain, M. D., Moran, N. F., Nirmalananthan, N., Poulton, J., Scarpelli, M., . . . Bax, B. E. (2019). Safety and Efficacy of Erythrocyte Encapsulated Thymidine Phosphorylase in Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy.. J Clin Med, 8(4). doi:10.3390/jcm8040457

Bax, B. E. (2019). US10213492B2, Treatment for mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE). USA. Retrieved from https://patents.google.com/patent/US10213492B2/en

Pacitti, D., & Bax, B. E. (2018). The development of an in vitro cerebral organoid model for investigating the pathomolecular mechanisms associated with the central nervous system involvement in Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy (MNGIE).. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids, 37(11), 603-617. doi:10.1080/15257770.2018.1492139

Levene, M., Enguita, F. J., & Bax, B. E. (2018). Discovery profiling and bioinformatics analysis of serum microRNA in Mitochondrial NeuroGastroIntestinal Encephalomyopathy (MNGIE).. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids, 37(11), 618-629. doi:10.1080/15257770.2018.1492138

Pacitti, D., Levene, M., Garone, C., Nirmalananthan, N., & Bax, B. E. (2018). Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy: Into the Fourth Decade, What We Have Learned So Far.. Front Genet, 9, 669. doi:10.3389/fgene.2018.00669

Levene, M., Pacitti, D., Gasson, C., Hall, J., Sellos-Moura, M., & Bax, B. E. (2018). Validation of an Immunoassay for Anti-thymidine Phosphorylase Antibodies in Patients with MNGIE Treated with Enzyme Replacement Therapy.. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev, 11, 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.omtm.2018.08.007

Bax, B. E. (2018). EP2760459B1, Treatment for mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (mngie). Europe. Retrieved from https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/b1/a7/55/b8f9112c1cf2bd/EP2760459B1.pdf

Bax, B. E. (2017). Drug Development for Rare Diseases: Challenges and Regulatory Initiatives. Archives of Science, 1(2), 107. doi:10.4172/science.1000107

Levene, M., & Bax, B. E. (2017). Expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis of dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE). In NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS Vol. 27 (pp. S20). Retrieved from https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000558785000059&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

Pacitti, D., Nirmalananthan, N., & Bax, B. E. (2017). Development of Cerebral Organoid cultures for the study of the neuronal pathomolecular mechanisms of Mitochondrial NeurogastroIntestinal Encephalomyopathy (MNGIE). In NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS Vol. 27 (pp. S18). Retrieved from https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000558785000052&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

Nirmalananthan, N., Levene, M., Filosto, M., Klopstock, T., Kornblum, C., Mandel, H., . . . Bax, B. E. (2017). A two part, multi-centre, multiple dose study of Erythrocyte Encapsulated Thymidine Phosphorylase (EETP) in patients with Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy (MNGIE). In NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS Vol. 27 (pp. S21-S22). Retrieved from https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000558785000063&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

Bourgeaux, V., Lanao, J. M., Bax, B. E., & Godfrin, Y. (2016). Drug-loaded erythrocytes: on the road toward marketing approval.. Drug Des Devel Ther, 10, 665-676. doi:10.2147/DDDT.S96470

Bax, B. E., Wozney, J. M., & Ashhurst, D. E. (1999). Bone morphogenetic protein-2 increases the rate of callus formation after fracture of the rabbit tibia.. Calcif Tissue Int, 65(1), 83-89. doi:10.1007/s002239900662

Chapman, T. P., Hadley, G., Fratter, C., Cullen, S. N., Bax, B. E., Bain, M. D., . . . Travis, S. P. (2014). Unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms: think mitochondrial disease.. Dig Liver Dis, 46(1), 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.dld.2013.04.008

Bax, B. E., Bain, M. D., Scarpelli, M., Filosto, M., Tonin, P., & Moran, N. (2013). Clinical and biochemical improvements in a patient with MNGIE following enzyme replacement.. Neurology, 81(14), 1269-1271. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a6cb4b

Sinai Talaulikar, V., Kronenberger, K., Bax, B. E., Moss, R., & Manyonda, I. (2014). Differences in collagen ultrastructure of human first trimester decidua basalis and parietalis: implications for trophoblastic invasion of the placental bed.. J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 40(1), 80-88. doi:10.1111/jog.12127

Talaulikar, S., Manyonda, I., & Bax, B. E. (2013). Interactions between trophoblast and extracellular matrix components: implications for successful placentation in early human pregnancy. BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY, 120, 514. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000320781601536&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

Talaulikar, V. S., Bax, B. E., & Manyonda, I. (2013). Differences in ultrastructure and protein profiles of extracellular matrix components in decidua basalis versus parietalis: implications for successful placentation in early human pregnancy. In HUMAN REPRODUCTION Vol. 28 (pp. 147-148). London, ENGLAND: OXFORD UNIV PRESS. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000320467700343&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

Fairbanks, L. D., Levene, M., & Bax, B. E. (2013). Validation of a HPLC method for the measurement of erythrocyte encapsulated thymidine phosphorylase (EE-TP) activity.. J Pharm Biomed Anal, 76, 8-12. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2012.12.006

Gasson, C., Levene, M., & Bax, B. E. (2013). The development and validation of an immunoassay for the measurement of anti-thymidine phosphorylase antibodies in mouse and dog sera. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS, 72, 16-24. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2012.09.009

Levene, M., Coleman, D. G., Kilpatrick, H. C., Fairbanks, L. D., Gangadharan, B., Gasson, C., & Bax, B. E. (2013). Preclinical toxicity evaluation of erythrocyte-encapsulated thymidine phosphorylase in BALB/c mice and beagle dogs: an enzyme-replacement therapy for mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy.. Toxicol Sci, 131(1), 311-324. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfs278

Bax. (2013). WO 2013045885 A1, Treatment for mitrochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (mngie). Retrieved from http://www.google.com/patents/WO2013045885A1?cl=en

Scarpelli, M., Russignan, A., Zombor, M., Bereczki, C., Zappini, F., Buono, R., . . . Filosto, M. (2012). Poor Outcome in a Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy Patient with a Novel TYMP Mutation: The Need for Early Diagnosis.. Case Rep Neurol, 4(3), 248-253. doi:10.1159/000346260

Levene, M., Bain, M. D., Fairbanks, L. D., Moran, N. F., & Bax, B. E. (2012). ERYTHROCYTE ENCAPSULATED THYMIDINE PHOSPHOSPHORYLASE (EE-TP) FOR THE TREATMENT OF MITOCHONDRIAL NEUROGASTROINTESTINAL ENCEPHALOMYOPATHY (MNGIE). JOURNAL OF INHERITED METABOLIC DISEASE, 35, S150. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=000307513100523&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

Talaulikar, V. S., Bax, B. E., Page, N. M., & Manyonda, I. (2012). A novel hysteroscopic technique for the accurate biopsy of decidua parietalis and basalis. PLACENTA, 33(6), 473-479. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2012.02.018

Moran, N., Bax, B. E., & Bain, M. D. (2012). ERYTHROCYTE ENTRAPPED THYMIDINE PHOSPHORYLASE (EE-TP) THERAPY FOR MITOCHONDRIAL NEUROGASTROINTESTINAL ENCEPHALOMYOPATHY (MNGIE). In JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY Vol. 83 (pp. 1 page). Newcastle, ENGLAND: BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2011-301993.141

Godfrin, Y., & Bax, B. E. (2012). ENZYME BIOREACTORS AS DRUGS. DRUGS OF THE FUTURE, 37(4), 263-272. doi:10.1358/dof.2012.037.04.1779020

Godfrin, Y., Horand, F., Franco, R., Dufour, E., Kosenko, E., Bax, B. E., . . . Gunter, K. C. (2012). International seminar on the red blood cells as vehicles for drugs.. Expert Opin Biol Ther, 12(1), 127-133. doi:10.1517/14712598.2012.631909

Broberg, C. S., Jayaweera, A. R., Diller, G. P., Prasad, S. K., Thein, S. L., Bax, B. E., . . . Gatzoulis, M. A. (2011). Seeking optimal relation between oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration in adults with cyanosis from congenital heart disease.. Am J Cardiol, 107(4), 595-599. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.10.019

Bax, B. E. (2010). The development and assessment of a model for the study of placental transport involving the culture of human near-term placental trophoblast on amniotic membrane..

Moran, N. F., Baine, M., & Bax, B. E. (2010). Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy without elevated thymidine levels.. Arch Neurol, 67(5), 644. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.73

Zaidi, M., Shankar, V. S., Bax, C. M., Bax, B. E., Bevis, P. J., Pazianas, M., . . . Huang, C. L. (1993). Linkage of extracellular and intracellular control of cytosolic Ca2+ in rat osteoclasts in the presence of thapsigargin.. J Bone Miner Res, 8(8), 961-967. doi:10.1002/jbmr.5650080809

Moran, N. F., Bain, M. D., Muqit, M. M. K., & Bax, B. E. (2008). Carrier erythrocyte entrapped thymidine phosphorylase therapy for MNGIE.. Neurology, 71(9), 686-688. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000324602.97205.ab

Gutiérrez Millán, C., Bax, B. E., Castañeda, A. Z., Marinero, M. L. S., & Lanao, J. M. (2008). In vitro studies of amikacin-loaded human carrier erythrocytes.. Transl Res, 152(2), 59-66. doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2008.05.008

Bax, B. E., Bain, M. D., Fairbanks, L. D., Webster, A. D. B., Ind, P. W., Hershfield, M. S., & Chalmers, R. A. (2007). A 9-yr evaluation of carrier erythrocyte encapsulated adenosine deaminase (ADA) therapy in a patient with adult-type ADA deficiency.. Eur J Haematol, 79(4), 338-348. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.2007.00927.x

Broberg, C. S., Ujita, M., Prasad, S., Li, W., Rubens, M., Bax, B. E., . . . Gatzoulis, M. A. (2007). Pulmonary arterial thrombosis in eisenmenger syndrome is associated with biventricular dysfunction and decreased pulmonary flow velocity.. J Am Coll Cardiol, 50(7), 634-642. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.04.056

Murray, A. M., Pearson, I. F. S., Fairbanks, L. D., Chalmers, R. A., Bain, M. D., & Bax, B. E. (2006). The mouse immune response to carrier erythrocyte entrapped antigens.. Vaccine, 24(35-36), 6129-6139. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.013

Broberg, C. S., Bax, B. E., Okonko, D. O., Rampling, M. W., Bayne, S., Harries, C., . . . Gatzoulis, M. A. (2006). Blood viscosity and its relationship to iron deficiency, symptoms, and exercise capacity in adults with cyanotic congenital heart disease.. J Am Coll Cardiol, 48(2), 356-365. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.03.040

Bax, B. E., Richfield, L., Bain, M. D., Mehta, A. B., Chalmers, R. A., & Rampling, M. W. (2005). Haemorheology in Gaucher disease.. Eur J Haematol, 75(3), 252-258. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.2005.00496.x

Broberg, C. S., Bax, B. E., Okonko, D. O., Khan, A., Burman, J., & Gatzoulis, M. A. (n.d.). Iron deficiency in adult patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease does not increase blood viscosity. In Journal of the American College of Cardiology. (pp. 325A).

Murray, A. M., IFS, P., Chalmers, R. A., Bain, M. D., & Bax, B. E. (2004). The immune response in mice towards carrier erythrocyte entrapped antigens. In Clinical and Investigative Medicine Vol. 27 (pp. 24A).

Bax, B. E., Richfield, L., Bain, M. D., Mehta, A. B., Chalmers, R. A., & Rampling, M. W. (2004). Haemorheology in Gaucher Disease. In Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease Vol. 27 (pp. 152).

Bax, B. E., Bain, M. D., Fairbanks, L. D., ADB, W., & Chalmers, R. A. (2003). Adenosine deaminase deficiency: 5 years of treatment with carrier erythrocyte entrapped unmodified adenosine deaminase. In Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease Vol. 26 (pp. 132).

Bax, B. E. (n.d.). Haemorheology of Gaucher’s Disease. In Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. IOS Press.

Bax, B. E., Bain, M. D., Fairbanks, L. D., Webster, A. D., & Chalmers, R. A. (2000). In vitro and in vivo studies with human carrier erythrocytes loaded with polyethylene glycol-conjugated and native adenosine deaminase.. Br J Haematol, 109(3), 549-554. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02059.x

Bain, M. D., Bax, B. E., Fairbanks, L. D., Simmonds, H. A., ADB, W., & Chalmers, R. (2000). Successful carrier erythrocyte entrapped adenosine deaminase therapy in a patient. In Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease Vol. 23 (pp. 190).

Bax, B. E., Bain, M. D., Fairbanks, L. D., Simmonds, H. A., Webster, A. D., & Chalmers, R. A. (2000). Carrier erythrocyte entrapped adenosine deaminase therapy in adenosine deaminase deficiency.. Adv Exp Med Biol, 486, 47-50. doi:10.1007/0-306-46843-3_9

Bax, B. E., Bain, M. D., Talbot, P. J., Parker-Williams, E. J., & Chalmers, R. A. (1999). Survival of human carrier erythrocytes in vivo.. Clin Sci (Lond), 96(2), 171-178. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9918897

Bax, B. E., Bain, M. D., Fairbanks, L. D., Simmonds, H. A., ADB, W., & Chalmers, R. A. (1998). The metabolic effects of carrier erythrocyte entrapped adenosine deaminase therapy in an adult patient with adenosine deaminase deficiency. In Clinical Science Vol. 94 (pp. 7P).

Bax, B. E., & Bloxam, D. L. (1997). Energy metabolism and glycolysis in human placental trophoblast cells during differentiation.. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1319(2-3), 283-292. doi:10.1016/s0005-2728(96)00169-7

Bloxam, D. L., Bax, B. E., & Bax, C. M. (1997). Culture of syncytiotrophoblast for the study of human placental transfer. Part II: Production, culture and use of syncytiotrophoblast.. Placenta, 18(2-3), 99-108. doi:10.1016/s0143-4004(97)90080-1

Bloxam, D. L., Bax, C. M., & Bax, B. E. (1997). Culture of syncytiotrophoblast for the study of human placental transfer. Part I: Isolation and purification of cytotrophoblast.. Placenta, 18(2-3), 93-98. doi:10.1016/s0143-4004(97)90079-5

Bax, B. E., Fairbanks, L. D., Bain, M. D., Simmonds, H. A., & Chalmers, R. A. (1997). The entrapment of polyethylene glycol-conjugated adenosine deaminase (Pegademase) and native adenosine deaminase in human carrier erythrocytes. In U. Sprandel, & J. L. Way (Eds.), Unknown Book (pp. 31-34). PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=A1997BH84K00004&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

Bax, B. E., Bain, M. D., Ward, C. P., Fensom, A. H., & Chalmers, R. A. (1997). The entrapment of mannose-terminated glucocerebrosidase (alglucerase) in human carrier erythrocytes. In U. Sprandel, & J. L. Way (Eds.), Unknown Book (pp. 59-62). PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=A1997BH84K00008&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

Bain, M. D., Bax, B. E., ADB, W., & Chalmers, R. A. (1997). Pilot studies of carrier erythrocyte-entrapped enzyme therapy in Gaucher’s disease and adenosine deaminase deficiency. In Clinical Science Vol. 92 (pp. 39).

Bain, M. D., Bax, B. E., Talbot, P. J., ParkerWilliams, E. J., & Chalmers, R. A. (1997). In vivo survival of human energy-replete carrier erythrocytes. In U. Sprandel, & J. L. Way (Eds.), Unknown Book (pp. 25-30). PLENUM PRESS DIV PLENUM PUBLISHING CORP. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=A1997BH84K00003&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

Bax, B. E., Fairbanks, L. D., Bain, M. D., Simmonds, H. A., & Chalmers, R. A. (1996). The entrapment of polyethylene glycol-bound adenosine deaminase (Pegademase) in human carrier erythrocytes.. Biochem Soc Trans, 24(3), 442S. doi:10.1042/bst024442s

Bax, B. E., Fairbanks, L. D., Bain, M. D., Simmonds, H. A., & Chalmers, R. A. (1996). The entrapment of polyethylene glycol-bound adenosine deaminase (Pegademase) in human carrier erythrocytes.. In BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS Vol. 24 (pp. S442). UNIV LIVERPOOL, LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND: PORTLAND PRESS. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=A1996VF68300176&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

Bax, B. E., Bain, M. D., Ward, C. P., Fensom, A. H., & Chalmers, R. A. (1996). The entrapment of mannose-terminated glucocerebrosidase (Alglucerase) in human carrier erythrocytes.. Biochem Soc Trans, 24(3), 441S. doi:10.1042/bst024441s

Bax, B. E., Bain, M. D., Ward, C. P., Fensom, A. H., & Chalmers, R. A. (1996). The entrapment of mannose-terminated glucocerebrosidase (Alglucerase) in human carrier erythrocytes.. In BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS Vol. 24 (pp. S441). UNIV LIVERPOOL, LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND: PORTLAND PRESS. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=A1996VF68300175&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

Bax, B. E., Talbot, P. J., Bain, M. D., Parker-Williams, E. J., & Chalmers, R. A. (1996). <i>in Vivo</i> Survival of Human Carrier Erythrocytes. In Clinical Science Vol. 91 (pp. 1P). Portland Press Ltd.. doi:10.1042/cs091001p

Zaidi, M., Bax, B. E., Shankar, V. S., Moonga, B. S., Simon, B., Alam, A. S., . . . Huang, C. L. (1994). Dimensional analysis of osteoclastic bone resorption and the measurement of biologically active calcitonin.. Exp Physiol, 79(3), 387-399. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1994.sp003773

Bloxam, D. L., Bax, B. E., & Bax, C. M. (1994). Epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I differently influence the directional accumulation and transfer of 2-aminoisobutyrate (AIB) by human placental trophoblast in two-sided culture.. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 199(2), 922-929. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.1317

Bax, C., Bax, B., Bain, M., & Zaidi, M. (1994). Ca2+ channels in human term trophoblast cells in vitro. A study using the Ca2+-sensitive dye fura 2. Placenta, 15, 573-580. doi:10.1016/s0143-4004(05)80374-1

Zaidi, M., Pazianas, M., Shankar, V. S., Bax, B. E., Bax, C. M., Bevis, P. J., . . . Moonga, B. S. (1993). Osteoclast function and its control.. Exp Physiol, 78(6), 721-739. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1993.sp003721

Boyd, M. T., Bax, C. M., Bax, B. E., Bloxam, D. L., & Weiss, R. A. (1993). The human endogenous retrovirus ERV-3 is upregulated in differentiating placental trophoblast cells.. Virology, 196(2), 905-909. doi:10.1006/viro.1993.1556

BAX, B. E., BAX, C. M. R., WARREN, J. B., & ZAIDI, M. (1993). PITUITARY ADENYLATE-CYCLASE ACTIVATING POLYPEPTIDE (PACAP-38) IS A POTENT INHIBITOR OF BONE-RESORPTION BY ISOLATED RAT OSTEOCLASTS. In JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH Vol. 8 (pp. S388). BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=A1993LR20501085&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

Bax, B. E., Shankar, V. S., Bax, C. M., Alam, A. S., Zara, S., Moonga, B. S., . . . Zaidi, M. (1993). Functional consequences of the interaction of Ni2+ with the osteoclast Ca2+ 'receptor'.. Exp Physiol, 78(4), 517-529. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.1993.sp003703

Bax, C. M., Shankar, V. S., Towhidul Alam, A. S., Bax, B. E., Moonga, B. S., Huang, C. L., . . . Rifkin, B. R. (1993). Tetracyclines modulate cytosolic Ca2+ responses in the osteoclast associated with "Ca2+ receptor" activation.. Biosci Rep, 13(3), 169-174. doi:10.1007/BF01149961

Zaidi, M., Alam, A. S., Shankar, V. S., Bax, B. E., Bax, C. M., Moonga, B. S., . . . Pazianas, M. (1993). Cellular biology of bone resorption.. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc, 68(2), 197-264. doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1993.tb00996.x

Zaidi, M., Alam, A. S., Huang, C. L., Pazianas, M., Bax, C. M., Bax, B. E., . . . Shankar, V. S. (1993). Extracellular Ca2+ sensing by the osteoclast.. Cell Calcium, 14(4), 271-277. doi:10.1016/0143-4160(93)90048-b

Shankar, V. S., Bax, C. M., Bax, B. E., Alam, A. S., Moonga, B. S., Simon, B., . . . Zaidi, M. (1993). Activation of the Ca2+ "receptor" on the osteoclast by Ni2+ elicits cytosolic Ca2+ signals: evidence for receptor activation and inactivation, intracellular Ca2+ redistribution, and divalent cation modulation.. J Cell Physiol, 155(1), 120-129. doi:10.1002/jcp.1041550116

Zaidi, M., Alam, A. S., Bax, B. E., Shankar, V. S., Bax, C. M., Gill, J. S., . . . Moonga, B. S. (1993). Role of the endothelial cell in osteoclast control: new perspectives.. Bone, 14(2), 97-102. doi:10.1016/8756-3282(93)90234-2

Stevens, C. R., Bax, B. E., Shankar, V. S., Abbot, S. E., Sahinoglu, T., Nazhat, N. B., . . . Blake, D. R. (1993). Osteoblast-derived H2O2 may account for osteoclastic bone resorption stimulatory activity induced by vitamin D3 and TNF in-vivo. In British Journal of Rheumatology Vol. 32 (pp. 42).

Alam, A. S., Bax, C. M., Shankar, V. S., Bax, B. E., Bevis, P. J., Huang, C. L., . . . Zaidi, M. (1993). Further studies on the mode of action of calcitonin on isolated rat osteoclasts: pharmacological evidence for a second site mediating intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and cell retraction.. J Endocrinol, 136(1), 7-15. doi:10.1677/joe.0.1360007

Zaidi, M., Alam, A. S., Shankar, V. S., Bax, B. E., Moonga, B. S., Bevis, P. J., . . . Huang, C. L. (1992). A quantitative description of components of in vitro morphometric change in the rat osteoclast model: relationships with cellular function.. Eur Biophys J, 21(5), 349-355. doi:10.1007/BF00188348

Shankar, V. S., Bax, C. M., Alam, A. S., Bax, B. E., Huang, C. L., & Zaidi, M. (1992). The osteoclast Ca2+ receptor is highly sensitive to activation by transition metal cations.. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 187(2), 913-918. doi:10.1016/0006-291x(92)91284-w

Shankar, V. S., Alam, A. S., Bax, C. M., Bax, B. E., Pazianas, M., Huang, C. L., & Zaidi, M. (1992). Activation and inactivation of the osteoclast Ca2+ receptor by the trivalent cation, La3+.. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 187(2), 907-912. doi:10.1016/0006-291x(92)91283-v

ZAIDI, M., SHANKAR, V. S., BAX, B. E., MOONGA, B. S., ALAM, A. S. M. T., BANERJI, B., . . . BAX, C. M. R. (1992). THE OSTEOCLAST CALCIUM RECEPTOR. In JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH Vol. 7 (pp. S112). BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=A1992JL59500079&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

ZAIDI, M., SHANKAR, V. S., BAX, C. M. R., MOONGA, B. S., ZARA, S. J., BANERJI, B., . . . BAX, B. E. (1992). NICKEL INHIBITS BONE-RESORPTION BY INTERACTING WITH THE OSTEOCLAST CALCIUM RECEPTOR. In JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH Vol. 7 (pp. S303). BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=A1992JL59500838&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

ZAIDI, M., SHANKAR, V. S., BAX, B. E., MOONGA, B. S., ALAM, A. S. M. T., BANERJI, B., . . . RIFKIN, B. R. (1992). INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NICKEL AND TETRACYCLINES AT THE OSTEOCLAST CALCIUM RECEPTOR. In JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH Vol. 7 (pp. S309). BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=A1992JL59500863&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

ZAIDI, M., BANERJI, B., BAX, C. M. R., ALAM, A. S. M. T., SHANKAR, V. S., MOONGA, B. S., . . . BAX, B. E. (1992). EVIDENCE THAT HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE IS THE OSTEOBLAST-OSTEOCLAST COUPLING FACTOR FOR VITAMIN-D(3)-INDUCED STIMULATION OF BONE-RESORPTION. JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 7, S242. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=A1992JL59500596&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

ZAIDI, M., SHANKAR, V. S., BAX, B. E., MOONGA, B. S., ALAM, A. S. M. T., BANERJI, B., . . . RODAN, G. A. (1992). EFFECTS OF VALINOMYCIN ON THE OSTEOCLAST - ELEVATION OF CYTOSOLIC FREE CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM LEVELS AND INHIBITION OF BONE-RESORPTION. JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH, 7, S130. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=A1992JL59500152&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

ZAIDI, M., SHANKAR, V. S., BAX, B. E., MOONGA, B. S., ALAM, A. S. M. T., BANERJI, B., . . . BAX, C. M. R. (1992). A NOVEL METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING MAGNESIUM INFLUX INTO MAGFURA-LOADED RAT OSTEOCLASTS. In JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH Vol. 7 (pp. S303). BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=A1992JL59500839&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

Bax, B. E., Alam, A. S., Banerji, B., Bax, C. M., Bevis, P. J., Stevens, C. R., . . . Zaidi, M. (1992). Stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption by hydrogen peroxide.. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 183(3), 1153-1158. doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(05)80311-0

Bax, B. E. (1992). Characterisation of the osteoclast calcium receptor. In D. V. Cohn, & C. Gennari (Eds.), Calcium regulation and bone metabolism (pp. 170-174). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier Science & Technology Books.

Zaidi, M., Shankar, V. S., Bax, B. E., Moonga, B. S., Alam, A. S. M. T., Banerji, B., . . . Bax, C. M. R. (1992). The osteoclast calcium "receptor". In Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Vol. Supp 1 (pp. 78). Minneapolis.

Zaidi, M., Shankar, V. S., Bax, C. M. R., Moonga, B. S., Alam, A. S. M. T., Zara, S. J., . . . Bax, B. E. (1992). Nickel inhibits bone resorption by interacting with the osteoclast calcium "receptor". In Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Vol. 7 (pp. 843). Minneapolis.

Zaidi, M., Shankar, V. S., Bax, B. E., Moonga, B. S., Alam, A. S. M. T., Banerji, B., . . . Rifkin, B. R. (1992). Interactions between nickel and tetracyclines at the osteoclast calcium "receptor". In Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Vol. 7 (pp. 866). Minneapolis.

Zaidi, M., Banerji, B., Bax, C. M. R., Alam, A. S. M. T., Shankar, V. S., Moonga, B. S., . . . Bax, B. E. (1992). Evidence that hydrogen peroxide is the osteoblast-osteoclast coupling factor for vitamin D3-induced stimulation of bone resorption. In Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Vol. 7 (pp. 599). Minneapolis.

ZAIDI, M., SHANKAR, V. S., BAX, C. M. R., BAX, B. E., ALAM, A. S. M. T., BANERJI, B., . . . HUANG, C. L. H. (1992). CHARACTERIZATION OF THE OSTEOCLAST CALCIUM RECEPTOR. In D. V. Cohn, C. Gennari, A. H. Tashjian, M. L. Brandi, P. D. Delmas, & S. M. Krane (Eds.), CALCIUM REGULATING HORMONES AND BONE METABOLISM : BASIC AND CLINICAL ASPECTS, VOL 11 Vol. 1003 (pp. 170-174). FLORENCE, ITALY: ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL B V. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=A1992BX62E00029&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

Bullen, B. E., Bloxam, D. L., Ryder, T. A., Mobberley, M. A., & Bax, C. M. (1990). Two-sided culture of human placental trophoblast. Morphology, immunocytochemistry and permeability properties.. Placenta, 11(5), 431-450. doi:10.1016/s0143-4004(05)80217-6

Bax, B. E. (n.d.). Human placental trophoblast cultured on amnion basement membrane: a model for transport studies. In R. Miller (Ed.), Molecular Biology and Cell Regulation of the Placenta. Verav medical publishers.

Bloxam, D. L., Bullen, B. E., Walters, B. N., & Lao, T. T. (1987). Placental glycolysis and energy metabolism in preeclampsia.. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 157(1), 97-101. doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(87)80354-x

BLOXAM, D. L., BULLEN, B. E., WALTERS, B. N. J., & LAO, T. (1987). PLACENTAL GLYCOLYSIS AND ENERGY-METABOLISM IN PREECLAMPSIA. In CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION PART B-HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY Vol. 6 (pp. 23). MARCEL DEKKER INC. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=A1987K370200023&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

Bloxam, D. L., & Bullen, B. E. (1986). Condition and performance of the perfused human placental cotyledon.. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 155(2), 382-388. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(86)90835-5

BISWAS, S., BULLEN, B., & STEDRONSKA, J. (1984). ACID AND ALKALINE DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE ACTIVITIES IN THE HUMAN SEMINAL PLASMA. IRCS MEDICAL SCIENCE-BIOCHEMISTRY, 12(1), 15-16. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=A1984RZ65600007&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

BISWAS, S., BULLEN, B., & STEDRONSKA, J. (1984). A RIBONUCLEASE WITH OPTIMUM ACTIVITY AT PH 9.0 IN HUMAN SEMINAL PLASMA. IRCS MEDICAL SCIENCE-BIOCHEMISTRY, 12(4), 302-303. Retrieved from http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=A1984SM54200014&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=3511c51bff905dacd4f7fd11b0dd8b6d

Recent Funding

Untargeted metabolomics of blood plasma samples from patients with  mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy. BE Bax. PUMPA, 2021-2022,   £4,000.

Validation of a serum microRNA panel for predicting the treatment efficacy of an enzyme replacement therapy for mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy.  BE Bax & M Levene. The Lily Foundation, 2018-2020, £36,796.

RNA-Sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of iPSC-derived cerebral organoids generated from patients with MNGIE. BE Bax. PUMPA, 2018-2019, £12,505.

MICA. Clinical development of erythrocyte encapsulated thymidine phosphorylase - a therapy for mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy.  BE Bax, NF Moran, P Sedgwick & MD Bain. Medical Research Council, 2014-2021, £3,330,591 & Orphan Technologies, 2014-2022, £3,330,591.

Prevention of red blood cell sickling in sickle cell disease.  BE Bax. Research England Innovation Awards, 2018-2019, £18,019.

Prevention of red blood cell sickling. BE Bax. Orphan Technologies, Postdoctoral bridging salary, March- December 2018.

Pilot miRNA expression profiling of serum from patients with MNGIE. BE Bax. PUMPA, 2017-2018,   £10,000.

The development of an induced pluripotent stem cell model for investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to the neuronal aspects of Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalomyopathy.  BE Bax. PUMPA, PhD studentship, 2014-2018, £142,133.

Characterisation of reprogrammed MNGIE organoids. BE Bax. Neopharm, Equipment grant, 2015, £17,500.

Erythrocyte encapsulated adenosine deaminase (EE-ADA) therapy. BE Bax. South of England Specialised Commissioning Group, 2012-2013, £199,884.

An investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy. BE Bax. PUMPA, PhD studentship, 2012-2017, £112,101.

Exosomes as biomarkers of MNGIE. BE Bax. PUMPA, Equipment grant 2012-2013. £40,000.

Pre-clinical safety studies of erythrocyte encapsulated thymidine phosphorylase. BE Bax, MD Bain, & NF Moran. Medical Research Council, 2010-2012, £790,000.

Identification of potential plasma biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and treatment efficacy in MNGIE. BE Bax. Higher Education Funding Council for Britain, 2010-2011, £14,280.

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of erythrocyte encapsulated thymidine phosphorylase therapy in two patients with Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy. BE Bax, MD Bain, & NF Moran. United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation, 2008-201, $116,428.

Thymidine phosphorylase for therapeutic use. BE Bax. PUMPA, 2007-2008. £7,000.

Carrier erythrocyte entrapped native ADA therapy. BE Bax & MD Bain. Mid Hampshire Primary Care Trust, 2006-2012, £1,057,271.

 The carrier erythrocyte as an antigen delivery vehicle for the enhancement of the immune response. BE Bax, RA Chalmers, & MD Bain. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, 2002-2005, £206,796.

 Carrier erythrocyte-mediated native ADA therapy for the treatment of SCID due to adenosine deaminase deficiency. BE Bax & MD Bain. North and Mid Hampshire Health Authority, 2003-2008, £626,738.

 Clinical evaluation of carrier erythrocyte entrapped adenosine deaminase in a named patient. RA Chalmers R.A, BE Bax & MD Bain. North and Mid Hampshire Health Authority, 1999-2004, £454,949.

Research Group

Dr Bax works with Dr Clare Galtrey and Dr Niranjanan Nirmalananthan,  Consultant Neurologists.

Academic collaborations

Dr Bax’s academic collaborators include:

Dr Caterina Garone, Universita degli Studi di Bologna: Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (MNGIE).

Dr Lynette Fairbanks, Purine Research Laboratories, St Thomas' Hospital London, UK (EE-TP project).

Dr Mauro Scarpelli, Institute of Neurology, University of Verona, Italy (EE-TP project).

Professor Massimiliano Filosto, Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University Hospital "Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy  (EE-TP project).

Professor Sema Kalkan Uçar, Division of Inborn Error of Metabolism, Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey (EE-TP and biomarker projects).

Professor Shamima Rahman, Mitochondrial Research Group, UCL London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK (EE-TP project).

Professor Agathe Roubertie, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France (EE-TP and biomarker projects).

Professor Hanna Mandel, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel (EE-TP and biomarker projects).

Dr Rachel Pearson, Northern Centre for Cancer Care, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (FLT PET-CT imaging project).

Dr Elizabeth Rhodes, St. George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (Sickle cell project).

Professor Joanna Poulton, Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford (Biomarker project).

Dr Sebastian Schulz-Jürgensen, Pädiatrische Gastroenterologie, Hepatologie und Lebertransplantation, Hamburg, Germany (Biomarker project).

Dr Georg Kutschke, Ärztliche Leitung Bereich Neuropädiatrie und Entwicklungsneurologie – Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Germany (Biomarker project).

Dr Rita Beier, Children's Hospital III, University Hospital Essen, Germany (Biomarker project).

Dr Heinz Zoller, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (Biomarker project).

Professor Ramon Martí, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain (EE-TP and biomarker projects).

Professor Michio Hirano, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA (Biomarker project).

Industry collaborators

Dr Bax's industry collaborators include  Orphan Technologies, Erydel, Diatheva and Renaclinical.

Dr Bax teaches BSc Biomedical Science and Intercalating MBBS students through the delivery of lectures on the Personalised Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences Modules in the areas of cellular therapies, stem cells and neuro-regeneration. She provides library-based Independent Study Projects and supervises laboratory-based third year BSc and MSc genomics research projects.

Dr Bax is Postgraduate Coordinator for MPhil/PhD students in the Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute. She also teaches on the Graduate School Skills Programme and supervises PhD students.

Dr Bax is a personal tutor for BSc Biomedical Sciences and MBBS students.