Research
Professor Garrard's primary research interest is in the early language changes associated with neurodegenerative dementias (such as Alzheimer's diease and frontotemporal dementia), and neuropsychiatric conditions.
He is particularly interested in the application of computational neurolinguistic approaches, and in retrospective studies focusing on the emergence of disease signatures in large longitudinal samples (corpus linguistics).
His studies of language change in pre-symptomatic archived samples of writing and speech in creative writing and political discourse have received worldwide media attention and attracted major grant funding awards from the MRC. Notable subjects have included King George III, the novelist and philosopher Iris Murdoch, and the politicians Harold Wilson, Margaret Thatcher and Tony Blair.
Analysis of a corpus of diary writing spanning the sixth to ninth decades of life, donated by individuals with a variety of cognitive histories (including late onset Alzheimer's disease and healthy ageing) is currently in progress.
Biography
Professor Garrard took up his current position at St George's in March 2010. In 2007, following six years at UCL, he was offered a senior academic position at the University of Southampton's School of Medicine. Since moving to St George's he has established a specialist service for the assessment, diagnosis and management of people with atypical dementia syndromes.
Many of the patients seen in his clinic are recruited into neuroimaging projects aimed at improving diagnosis and monitoring of dementia, understanding the biological basis of progressive cognitive dysfunction (particularly language), and contributing to the development of effective disease modifying treatments.
Professor Garrard's first appointment as a consultant neurologist was at the National Hospital, Queen Square, where he followed up his doctoral research as MRC Clinician Scientist Fellow at the Institute of Neurology. He led the conceptual knowledge research group in the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, studying semantic organisation and temporal lobe imaging in patients with semantic dementia (loss of memory for word meaning and concept knowledge).
Professor Garrard is an Honorary Consultant Neurologist at St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Kings Oak Hospital, Enfield. He provides medico-legal neurology expertise in the areas of negligence, mental capacity, and head injury.
Professor Garrard is an Associate Editor of Cortex and the Jounral of Alzheimer's Disease. He is a trustee of the Daedalus Trust (a charity to promote research into organisational learning and ‘Hubris syndrome’ in politics and the workplace), and the Neuroscience Research Foundation.
Selected publications
Books
Garrard, P (Editor) The Leadership Hubris Epidemic. London, Palgrave Macmillan (in press)
Garrard, P. and Robinson, G. (Editors) The Intoxication of Power: Interdisciplinary insights. London, Palgrave Macmillan (2015)
Cappa SF, Demonet J-F, Abutelebi J, Fletcher P, Garrard P. (Editors) A textbook of Cognitive Neurology. Oxford University Press. 2010
Golomb J, Kluger A, Garrard P, Ferris S. Clinician's manual on Mild Cognitive Impairment. Science Press. 2001
Chapters
Garrard P, Hodges JR and Patterson K. Iris Murdoch. In: Macpherson S and della Sala S (Editors) Cases of amnesia. London, Taylor and Francis. 2017.
Robinson, G, and Garrard, P. Making sense of hubris. In: Garrard, P. and Robinson, G. (Editors) The Intoxication of Power: Interdisciplinary insights. London, Palgrave Macmillan. 2015.
Garrard P. Linguistic biomarkers of Hubris Syndrome. In: Garrard, P. and Robinson, G. (Editors) The Intoxication of Power: Interdisciplinary insights. London, Palgrave Macmillan. 2015.
Nageshwaran, S, and Garrard, P. Dementia. In: Nageshwaran, Wilson and Dickenson (Editors) Drugs in Neurology. Oxford University Press. 2014
Garrard P. Neurology for psychiatrists. In: Puri, B, and Treasaden, I. Psychiatry: An Evidence-based textbook. London, Hodder Arnold, 2012.
Garrard, P. Textual pathology. In: McCarty, W. (Editor) Text and Genre in Reconstruction: effects of digitization on ideas, behaviours, products and institutions. Cambridge, Open Book. 2009
Garrard, P. Differential diagnosis in dementia. In: Cappa, S, Abutelebi, J, Fletcher, P, Demonet, J-C, and Garrard, P. (Editors) Cognitive neurology: a clinical textbook. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2008.
Garrard, P, Lambon Ralph, MA. Semantic dementia: a category specific paradox. In Forde, E and Humphries, G (Editors) Category specificity in brain and mind. Hove, Psychology Press. 2002.
Hodges, JR, Garrard, P, and Patterson, K. Semantic dementia. In: Kertesz, A. and Munoz, D. (Editors) Pick's disease and Pick complex. New York, Wiley Liss. 1998.
Research papers
Barney A, Nikolic D, Nemes V, Garrard P. Motif discovery in speech: application to monitoring Alzheimer's disease. Current Alzheimer Research. (In Press)
Laske C, Sohrabi HR, Frost SM, Lopez-de-Ipina K, Garrard P, Buscema M, Dauwels J, Soekadar SR, Mueller S, Linnemann C, Bridenbaugh SA, Kanagasingam Y, Martins RN, O’Bryant SE. Innvovative diagnostic tools for early detection of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 11:561-78 (2015)
Garrard P, Haigh A-M, de Jager CA. Techniques for transcribers: assessing and improving consistency in transcripts of spoken language. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 2011;26:389-405.
Garrard P, Haigh A-M, de Jager CA. Techniques for transcribers: assessing and improving consistency in transcripts of spoken language. Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 2011;26:389-405.
Garrard P, Forsyth R. Abnormal discourse in semantic dementia: A data-driven approach Neurocase 2010;16:520-528
Garrard, P. Literature, history and biology: the uses of retrospective language analysis. The Psychologist 2010;23: 262-263.
Garrard, P, Stephenson, JBP, Ganesan, V, Peters, TJ. Attenuated variants of Lesch-Nyhan disease: the case of King James VI/I. Brain 2010;133:e153 .
Garrard, P. Cognitive Archaeology: methods, uses and results. Journal of Neurolinguistics 2009; 22: 250-265.
Garrard, P, Carroll, E. Lost in semantic space: a multi-modal, non-verbal assessment of feature knowledge in semantic dementia. Brain 2006; 129: 1152-1163.
Garrard P, Maloney LM, Hodges JR, Patterson K. The effects of very early Alzheimer's disease on the characteristics of writing by a renowned author. Brain 2005;128: 250-260.
Collaborations
Prof Hugh Markus: Stroke and Dementia Research Centre, St George's. University of London
Prof Matthew Lambon Ralph: Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit (NARU), University of Manchester, UK.
Investigating temporal lobe dysfunction in patients with CADASIL
Dr Atticus Hainsworth: Stroke and Dementia Research Centre, SGUL. Neurobiology of vascular cognitive impairment
Dr Celeste de Jager: The Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA) – John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford. Cognitive Archaeology: detecting and measuring the presymptomatic phase of neurodegenerative dementa.
Dr Anna Barney: Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (ISVR), University of Southampton, UK. Perseverometry: developing and testing a novel device for monitoring repetitive speech patterns in patients with episodic memory disorders.
Dr Marilu Gorno-Tempini: UCSF Memory and Ageing Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
Dr Stephen Wilson: Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. Using a novel algorithm rapidly to analyse connected speech, coupled with structural imaging in a sample of semantic dementia patients from the USA.
Prof Timothy Peters: Institute of Archaeology and Antiquity, University of Birmingham, UK
Dr Brita Elvevag: NIMH/NIH Bethesda, MD, USA. Using textual analysis algorithms such as latent semantic analysis to detect and measure changes in the language of King George III and other historical figures.
Funding
2017 - 2020
Medical Research Council – Research Grant
A standardized, multilingual, Mini Linguistic State Examination (MLSE) for classifying and monitoring Primary Progressive Aphasia
£1,140,216 [Principal Applicant]
2017 - 2020
European Commission – Horizon 2020 Award
Integration and analysis of heterogeneous big data for precision medicine and suggested treatments for different types of patients (IASIS)
€660,000 (of €4,337,475) [Consortium member]
2016 – 2020
Medical Research Council – London Intercollegiate Doctoral Training Partnership Studentship Award
Digital Discourse as Clinical Data
[Principal supervisor]
2016 – 2019
Alzheimer's Society – Project Grant
Whole genome sequencing in patients and families with dementia: building an open access UK resource
£99,995 [Co-Applicant]
2014 – 2015
St George's Neuroscience Research Foundation
Subclinical semantic deficits in autoimmune conditions: a pilot study.
£12,500 [Sole Applicant]
2012-2014 Leverhulme Trust – Project Grant
Building an 18th Century semantic space to analyse the correspondence of King George III.
£110,000 [Principal Applicant]
2012-2015
SGUL Enterprise Fund
Diagnostic Network Analysis of Brain Imaging in Dementia.
14,500 [Joint Principal Applicant]
2010-2011
Medical Research Council – Discipline Hopping Award
Perseverometry: a novel performance marker in dementia.
£89,093 [Principal Applicant]
2009-2012
Medical Research Council – Research Grant
Cognitive archaeology: identifying and measuring the presymptomatic phase of dementia.
£518,459 [Principal Applicant]
2001-2005
Medical Research Council – Clinician Scientist Fellowship Award
Exploring the neural basis of semantic memory using magnetic resonance spectroscopy
£650,000 [Personal Fellowship]
St George's, University of London enterprise fund
